How do LEDs work?

LED: HOW LED'S WORK

1. An electrical current enters the lamp through the electrical contact at the base.
2. The current is regulated by the LED driver to a suitable level for the LED chip.
3. The current passes through the Led chip.
4. The light is emitted when electrons combine with holes
5. Secondary optics control and shape the light to produce the desired beam, spread and intensity. 
6. The heat sink dissipates any excess heat .

The first type of Led lights were used as indicators, like in signs, signals and indicator lights on electronic equipment. Indicators also have a low light output of about 1-7 lumens, and are very small in size, comparable to a matchstick.

Illuminator LED’s are for general purpose lighting, they have a high light output, much larger than indicators, but they use a higher voltage & electrical current.

Since LED’s are capable of generating only one wavelength of light, it can’t directly produce white light. White Light takes a mixture of different wavelengths to produce.

The two ways that LED’s can produce light is color mixing the right combination of RBG (Red, Blue, Green) and a phosphor conversion ,  which creates a white light by taking a blue or near-ultraviolet LED and coating it with  a yellow or multichromatic phosphor.